Appendix G: Sample Sizes
Sample Size Data Tables
Gender
Total = 2,450 |
Race
Total = 2,407 |
Race and Ethnicity Detail
Total = 2,407 |
Disability
Total = 2,376 |
Employment Basis
Total = 2,595 |
Generation
Total = 2,402 |
Position Level
Total = 2,999 |
Department Area
Total = 3,035 |
Average Tenure
In the field = 1,620 |
||
At current institution = 1,621 |
Union Status
Total = 2,836 |
Workplace Culture
Figure 1. Positive Dimensions of Workplace Culture in Art Museums
Total = 2,660–2,690 |
Figure 2. Burnout Among Art Museum Workers, by Generation
Overall (2023) = 1,907 |
||
Overall (2025) = 2,663 |
||
Baby Boomer = 253 |
||
Gen X = 600 |
||
Millennial = 1,169 |
||
Gen Z = 342 |
Figure 3. Belief That Art Museum Workplace Culture Negatively Affects Health
Overall (2023) = 1,907 |
||
Overall (2025) = 2,656 |
||
Recent experiences of discrimination = 365 |
||
Union members = 321 |
||
Nonrecent experiences of discrimination = 127 |
||
Nonbinary = 216 |
Figure 4. Would You Recommend Your Workplace to Friends and Family?
Overall = 2,639 |
||
White = 1,803 |
||
Hispanic or Latine/x = 315 |
||
Native American/Alaska Native/First Nations = 47 |
||
Black = 208 |
||
Asian = 208 |
Figure 5. Workplace Culture Dimensions, by Museum Budget Size
Small (less than $5M) = 437–452 |
||
Large (more than $15M) = 1,051–1,089 |
Figure 6. Trends in Workplace Culture Dimensions, by Museum Budget Size
Small (less than $5M) = 436–458 |
||
Mid-sized ($5M–$15M) = 979–1040 |
||
Large (more than $15M) = 1,042–1,099 |
Figure 7. Churn Rate, by Museum Budget Size
Small (less than $5M) = 378 |
||
Mid-sized ($5M–$15M) = 931 |
||
Large (more than $15M) = 810 |
Figure 8. Drivers of Institutional Decision-Making: Executive vs. Nonexecutive Perspectives
Executives = 146 |
||
Nonexecutives = 2,319 |
Figure 9. Drivers of Institutional Decision-Making, by Museum Budget Size
Small (less than $5M) = 435 |
||
Mid-sized ($5M–$15M) = 988 |
||
Large (more than $15M) = 1,034 |
Figure 10. Percentage of White Workers in Art Museums vs. Nonprofits Overall
Total = 2,407 |
Figure 11. Race/Ethnicity in Art Museum Workplaces, by Position Level
Overall = 2,407 |
||
Entry = 232 |
||
Associate = 1,109 |
||
Manager = 619 |
||
Director = 234 |
||
Executive = 139 |
Figure 12. Gender in Art Museum Workplaces, by Position Level
Overall = 2,450 |
||
Entry = 236 |
||
Associate = 1,126 |
||
Manager = 633 |
||
Director = 237 |
||
Executive = 141 |
Figure 13. Disability in Art Museum Workplaces, by Position Level
Overall = 2,376 |
||
Entry = 216 |
||
Associate = 1,087 |
||
Manager = 624 |
||
Director = 234 |
||
Executive = 137 |
Figure 14. Belief in Museum’s Celebration of Diversity, by Race/Ethnicity
White = 1,813 |
||
Black = 208 |
||
Hispanic or Latine/x = 316 |
||
Asian = 206 |
Figure 15. Percentage of White Board Members in Art Museums vs. US Nonprofits Overall
Art museum boards = 47 |
||
Art museum executive committees = 48 |
Figure 16. Dimensions of Workplace Culture: Union Members vs. Art Museum Workers Overall
Overall = 2,639–2,667 |
||
Union members = 320–324 |
Figure 17. Union Members’ Perceptions of Union Impact on Workplace Culture
Total = 401–406 |
Career Satisfaction
Figure 18. Career Satisfaction, Art Museum Workers vs. US Workers Overall
Total = 2,532–2,576 |
Figure 19. Career Satisfaction, Art Museum Workers in 2025 vs. 2023
Total (2025) = 2,532–2,580 |
||
Total (2023) = 1907 |
Figure 20. Art Museum Workers’ Areas of Highest and Lowest Career Satisfaction
Total = 2,538–2,576 |
Figure 21. Satisfaction with Sustainability and Value of Job, by Position Level
Entry = 241–248 |
||
Associate = 1,173–1,192 |
||
Manager = 662–666 |
||
Director = 239–245 |
||
Executive = 142–145 |
Figure 22. Satisfaction with Daily Work Environment and Relationships, by Position Level
Entry = 243–247 |
||
Associate = 1,129–1,190 |
||
Manager = 657–662 |
||
Director = 241–245 |
||
Executive = 142–146 |
Figure 23. Sources of Support at Work for Art Museum Workers
Total = 2,559 |
Figure 24. Percentage of Art Museum Workers Who Feel Most Supported by Their Colleagues
Total = 2,559 |
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Black workers = 205 |
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Union members = 317 |
||
Nonbinary workers = 216 |
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Workers with recent experiences of discrimination = 363 |
Figure 25. Pay Satisfaction of Art Museum Workers, by Position Level
Entry = 245 |
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Associate = 1,159 |
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Manager = 661 |
||
Director = 245 |
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Executive = 142 |
Figure 26. Pay Satisfaction: Art Museum Workers vs. US Workers Overall
Total = 2,538 |
Figure 27. Current Career Outlook: Art Museum Workers vs. US Workers Overall
Total = 2,575 |
Figure 28. Current and Future Career Outlook of Art Museum Workers, by Position Level
Overall = 2,516–2,575 |
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Entry = 244–248 |
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Associate = 1,147–1,186 |
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Manager = 655–666 |
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Director = 241–244 |
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Executive = 144–146 |
Figure 29. Emotional Landscape: Nonbinary Workers vs. Art Museum Workers Overall
Overall = 2,593 |
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Nonbinary workers = 217 |
Figure 30. Disappointment and Contentment Among Art Museum Workers, by Budget Size
Small (less than $5M) = 441 |
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Mid-sized ($5M–$15M) = 1,009 |
||
Large (more than $15M) = 1,052 |
Figure 31. Art Museum Workers Actively Looking for a New Job
Overall = 2,507 |
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Recent experiences of discrimination = 342 |
||
Nonbinary = 194 |
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Gen Z = 320 |
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Union members = 304 |
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BIPOC = 733 |
Figure 32. Quitting Considerations and Motivators for Art Museum Workers, by Churn Rate
Low-churn = 452 |
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High-churn = 429 |
Figure 33. Career Satisfaction: Union Members vs. Art Museum Workers Overall
Overall = 2,539–2,580 |
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Union members = 310–317 |
Figure 34. Union Members’ Current Career Outlook
Overall = 2,575 |
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Union members = 317 |
Spotlights by Position Level
Entry level |
Associate |
Manager |
Director |
Executive |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Percentage of workforce |
2,999 |
2,999 |
2,999 |
2,999 |
2,999 |
|
Gender |
236 |
1,126 |
633 |
237 |
141 |
|
Race/ Ethnicity Breakdown |
232 |
1,109 |
619 |
234 |
139 |
|
Generation |
234 |
1,115 |
613 |
233 |
135 |
|
Union status |
255 |
1,315 |
747 |
280 |
171 |
|
Disability |
216 |
1,087 |
624 |
234 |
137 |
|
Median full-time compensation |
245 |
1,207 |
694 |
262 |
153 |
|
Pay satisfaction |
245 |
1,159 |
661 |
245 |
142 |
|
Top three emotions |
247 |
1,194 |
669 |
245 |
146 |
|
Current work life rating |
248 |
1,186 |
666 |
244 |
146 |
|
Considering leaving the field |
238 |
1,158 |
659 |
243 |
152 |
|
Top three reasons to leave the field |
97 |
569 |
364 |
137 |
77 |
Pay and Promotions
Figure 35. Top Three Art Museum Director Priorities
Total = 67 |
Figure 36. Art Museum Salary Levels, Full-time and Part-time
Full-time employees = 1,538 |
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Part-time and temporary employees = 1,066 |
Figure 37. Median Gross Annual Salary (Full-Time) of Art Museum Workers, by Race/Ethnicity*
Asian = 118.34 |
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White = 1,012.55 |
||
Hispanic or Latine/x = 171.09 |
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Black = 116.89 |
* Sample sizes are based on full-time weighted calculations
Figure 38. Median Gross Annual Salary (Full-Time) of Art Museum Workers, by Museum Budget Size *
Small (less than $5M) = 243.65 |
||
Mid-sized ($5M–$15M) = 591.72 |
||
Large (more than $15M) = 615.13 |
* Sample sizes are based on full-time weighted calculations
Figure 39. Median Gross Annual Salary (Full-Time) of Art Museum Workers, by Museum Type *
City/County/State/Govt. = 125.33 |
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Culturally specific = 216.17 |
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College/University = 249.99 |
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Encyclopedic = 386.3 |
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Contemporary/Modern = 908.56 |
* Sample sizes are based on full-time weighted calculations
Figure 40. Median Household Income of Art Museum Workers, by Race/Ethnicity *
White = 1,012.55 |
||
Asian = 118.34 |
||
Hispanic or Latine/x = 171.09 |
||
Black = 171.09 |
* Sample sizes are based on full-time weighted calculations
Figure 41. Living-Wage Benchmarks, Most and Least Expensive City with an MMF Partner Museum
N/A |
Figure 42. Proportion of Full-Time Art Museum Workers Making Below a Living Wage (Museum Income Only) *
Total = 1,450.5 |
* Sample sizes are based on full-time weighted calculations
Figure 43. Percentage of Living Wage Earned by Full-Time Art Museum Workers, by Position Level *
Entry = 82.14 |
||
Associate = 635.99 |
||
Manager = 432.34 |
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Director = 170.59 |
||
Executive = 98.63 |
* Sample sizes are based on full-time weighted calculations
Figure 44. Proportion of Full-Time Art Museum Workers’ Households Making Below a Living Wage (All Household Income) *
Total = 1,362.27 |
* Sample sizes are based on full-time weighted calculations
Figure 45. Percentage of Living Wage Earned Within Full-Time Art Museum Workers’ Households, by Race/Ethnicity *
Native American/Alaska Native/First Nations = 22.64 |
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Hispanic or Latine/x = 159.81 |
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Black = 111.23 |
||
Asian = 103.45 |
||
White = 919.73 |
* Sample sizes are based on full-time weighted calculations
Figure 46. Access to Benefits by Job Status in Art Museums, as reported by HR
Total = 70 |
Figure 47. Promoted Art Museum Workers, Years to Promotion
Total = 814 |
Figure 48. All Art Museum Workers, Promoted vs. Not Promoted
Total = 814 |
Figure 49. Union Members’ Perceptions of Positive Union Impact on Salary and Pay Equity in Art Museums, by Race/Ethnicity
Black = 19–20 |
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Hispanic or Latine/x = 29–30 |
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White = 235–243 |
||
Asian = 50–51 |
Discrimination and Harassment
Figure 50. Art Museum Workers Who Have Experienced Discrimination, by Race/Ethnicity
Overall = 2,432 |
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Black = 193 |
||
Asian = 199 |
||
Hispanic or Latine/x = 286 |
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White = 1,743 |
Figure 51. Range of Discrimination Experiences in Art Museums, by Gender
Men = 578 |
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Women = 1,513 |
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Nonbinary = 201 |
Figure 52. Frequency of Recent Discrimination
Total = 361 |
Figure 53. Sources of Recent Discrimination Among Art Museum Workers
Total = 338 |
Figure 54. Types of Recent Discrimination Among Art Museum Workers
Total = 365 |
Figure 55. Recent Gender-Based Discrimination Among Art Museum Workers, by Gender
Nonbinary = 40 |
||
Women = 113 |
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Men = 14 |
Figure 56. Recent Age-Based Discrimination Among Art Museum Workers, by Generation
Overall = 150 |
||
Baby Boomer = 15 |
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Gen X = 30 |
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Millennial = 60 |
||
Gen Z = 28 |
Figure 57. Recent Race-Based Discrimination Among Art Museum Workers, by Race/Ethnicity
Black = 39 |
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Asian = 25 |
||
Hispanic or Latine/x = 21 |
||
Native American/Alaska Native/First Nations = 8 |
||
White = 41 |
Figure 58. Art Museum Workers Actively Looking for Another Job: Workers with Recent Experiences of Discrimination vs. Overall
Overall = 2,507 |
||
Recent experiences of discrimination = 342 |
Figure 59. Workplace Experience: Workers with Recent Discrimination vs. No Discrimination
Have never experienced discrimination = 1,822–1,902 |
||
Recent experiences of discrimination = 349–366 |
Figure 60. Career Satisfaction: Workers with Recent Discrimination vs. No Discrimination
Have never experienced discrimination = 1,871–1,911 |
||
Recent experiences of discrimination = 349–361 |
Figure 61. Emotional Landscape: Workers with Recent Discrimination vs. No Discrimination
Have never experienced discrimination = 1,912 |
||
Recent experiences of discrimination = 363 |
Figure 62. Impact of Discrimination on Negative Career Outlook: Art Museum Workers with Recent Experiences of Discrimination vs. Overall
Overall = 2,575 |
||
Recent experiences of discrimination = 361 |
Figure 63. Impact of Discrimination on Positive Career Outlook: Workers with Recent Experiences of Discrimination vs. Overall
Overall = 2,575 |
||
Recent experiences of discrimination = 361 |
Figure 64. Art Museum Workers’ Responses to Recent Discrimination
Total = 361 |
Figure 65. Reasons for Inaction in Response to Recent Discrimination in Art Museums
Total = 130 |
Figure 66. Satisfaction with Institutional Response to Recent Discrimination in Art Museums
Total = 135 |
Figure 67. Union Members’ Perceptions of Union Impact on Job Security/Protections from Retaliation and Grievance Procedures in Art Museums
Total = 402–406 |
Research Methodology
Figure 68. Geographic Region
Total = 91 |
Figure 69. Museum Budget Size
Total = 91 |
Figure 70. Museum Type
Total = 91 |
Figure 71. Museum Collecting Status
Total = 91 |